Published by The Other Press.
Is there “contractual justice” in Malaysian contract law? Or is the notion too vague? Do our courts adjudicate through a formal mechanism using strict law to ascertain liability or do they prioritise justice and equity over form and procedure?
Table of Contents :
---Preface,
------Notes,
---List of Cases.
---[1]. Introduction,
------Notes.
---[2]. Consent in Malaysian Contract Law,
-----2.1. Introduction,
-----2.2. Nature of Consent,
-------2.2.1. Defining Consent,
-------2.2.2. Consent according to the Contracts Act,
-----2.3. Consent Theories,
-------2.3.1. Consent and the Morality of Contract,
-------2.3.2. Consent and the Enforcement of Promises,
-------2.3.3. Consent Theory as Opposed to Will Theory,
-------2.3.4. Consent Theory and Market System,
-------2.3.5. Consent Based on Reliance,
-------2.3.6. Consent and the Objective Test,
-------2.3.7. Consent and Manifested Intention,
-----2.4. Gradations of Consent,
-------2.4.1. Express and Implied Consent,
-------2.4.2. Can Silence Constitute Consent,
-------2.4.3. Hypothetical Consent,
-----2.5. Consent and Standard Form Agreements,
-----2.6. Duty to Read in Standard Form Contracts,
-----2.7. Legislative Intervention Standard Form Contracts,
-----2.8. Contractual Liability without Contract,
-----2.9. Conclusion,
-----Notes.
---[3]. Justice and Freedom in Contract Law,
-----3.1. Introduction,
-----3.2. Contractual Justice,
-------What is Justice?
-------Contractual Justice Defined,
-------Comparison to Continental System,
-------Adam Smith, Hayek and the Myth of the Invisible Hand,
-------Contractual Justice in Malaysia,
-----3.3. Freedom of Contract,
-------Utmost Liberty of Contracting,
-------Will Theory and Freedom of Contract,
-------The Minimal State and the School of Formalist Interpretation,
-------Anarcho-Capitalist Contractual Society,
-------Economic Analysis of Law and Pareto Optimality,
-------Contractual Freedom Doctrine in the Contracts Act 1950,
-------Critique of Contractual Freedom,
-----3.4. Procedural and Substantive Justice,
-------Procedural Justice,
-------Substantive Justice,
-----3.5. Unfairness under Common Law and Consumer Protection Law,
-------Consumer Protection Law,
-------Procedural and Substantive Unfairness and the Common Law,
-------Procedural and Substantive Unfairness under Statutes,
-------Critique of CPA in Respect of Unfairness Principle,
-----3.6. Standard Form Contracts and Contractual Freedom,
-----3.7. Equivalence Principle vs Contractual Justice,
-----3.8. Equity Principles to Attain Contractual Justice,
-------The 'Parol Evidence Rule' at Common Law,
-------Promissory Estoppel and Contractual Justice,
-----3.9. Principles of Contractual Justice and the Civil Law Act,
-----3.10. Conclusion,
-----Notes.
---[4]. Unconscionability in Contracts,
-----4.1. Introduction,
-----4.2. Unconscionability Defined,
-------4.2.1. Contracts Potentially Dangerous and Catching Bargains,
-------4.2.2. Inequality of Bargaining Position and Price Imbalance,
-------4.2.3. Absence of Meaningful Choice and Terms,
-------4.2.4. The Amadio Criterion for Unconscionability and Beyond,
-------4.2.5. Statutory Unconscionability,
-----4.3. Procedural/Substantive Unconscionability,
-----4.4. Just Price Doctrine and Laesio Enormis,
-----4.5. Standard Form Contracts and Unconscionability,
-----4.6. Case Against the Doctrine,
-----4.7. Case For the Doctrine,
-----4.8. Other Doctrines and Unconscionability,
-----4.9. Backsliding of Unconscionability,
-----4.10. Conclusion,
-----Notes.
---[5]. Economic Duress,
-----5.1. Introduction,
-----5.2. Duress According to Common Law and Statutes,
-----5.3. Economic Duress as Doctrine: Theories and Approaches,
-------5.3.1. Pao On and "The Overborne Will" Theory,
-------5.3.2. The Universe Sentinel and "Absence of Choice"
-------5.3.3. Lawful Act Duress,
-----5.4. Theoretical Expositions of Contractual Duress,
-------5.4.1. Wertheimer's Two-Pronged Analysis,
-------5.4.2. Contractual Rights and Contractual Justice,
-------5.4.3. Exploitative and Wrongful Purpose,
-----5.5. Other Doctrines and Economic Duress,
-------5.5.1. Unconscionability,
-------5.5.2. Undue Influence,
-----5.6. Judicial Inertia in Malaysia,
-----5.7. Conclusion,
-----Notes.
---[6]. Conclusion and Proposal for Reform,
-------Summary and Conclusions,
-------Consent as Substratum of Contractual Validity,
-------Contractual Justice and Contractual Freedom,
-------Unconscionability in Contracts,
-------Economic Duress in Contract Law,
-------Recommendations,
-------Amendment to Section 14,
-------Amendment to Section 15,
-------Amendment - New Section,
-------Amendment to Section 19,
-------Amendment to Section 20,
-------Amendment to Section 73,
-------Notes.
---Bibliography.
---Index.
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